The National Center for Research on Tropical and Transboundary Diseases has announced the registration of cases of “Q” fever (Q Fever) in two sheep herds in the city of Zintan, suggesting that this is likely the first recording of its kind in Libya. The center confirmed that it will contact the relevant authorities upon completion of the analysis of all samples to implement prevention and control measures.
The center explained that “Q” fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii, and is primarily transmitted through the inhalation of aerosols from contaminated soil or animal waste. This bacterium is characterized by a high resistance to environmental factors such as heat and desiccation and its ability to survive for long periods in the environment.
The statement noted that most animal infections are asymptomatic, while in ruminants, it clinically manifests as reproductive disorders including abortion, endometritis, mastitis, and infertility. The largest quantities of the bacteria are shed in birth products (stillborn fetus, placenta, amniotic fluids), and may also be present in urine, milk, and feces.
The center stated that symptoms in adults may include high fever, cough, headache, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal and chest pain, chills and sweats, and muscle and joint pain, while symptoms in children are often less severe. For pregnant women, the infection can be associated with complications including miscarriage, stillbirth, premature delivery, or low birth weight. This is often linked to vascular disorders leading to placental insufficiency, with cases of direct fetal infection also documented.
The center affirmed the continued monitoring of samples and the establishment of communication channels with the competent authorities, in preparation for taking appropriate preventive and control measures to
What is “Q” fever and why is it dangerous?
“Q” fever is a bacterial infection of animal origin, with its main source being herds of cattle and small ruminants. It is most often transmitted by inhaling dust contaminated with birth secretions. In humans, it can cause an acute, flu-like illness and, rarely, a more severe chronic form that can affect the lining of the heart or blood vessels. Its danger stems from the bacterium’s high ability to survive in the environment, its ease of airborne transmission, and the susceptibility of vulnerable groups such as pregnant women. Prevention is based on the careful management of birth waste, the use of personal protective equipment for those working with animals, and adherence to the guidelines of health authorities when cases are suspected.